Journal: Dentistry Journal
Article Title: A Synthetic Small Molecule, LGM2605: A Promising Modulator of Increased Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine and Osteoclast Differentiation by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Cytolethal Distending Toxin
doi: 10.3390/dj12070195
Figure Lengend Snippet: Impact of Cdt and LGM2605 on osteoclast maturation. THP-1 cells underwent treatment with a high concentration of PMA (100 ng/mL) for two days before osteoclast differentiation using RANKL and M-CSF (50 ng/mL each) for six days. PMA-treated cells were pretreated with 100 μM LGM2605 for 30 min before differentiation and Cdt (50 ng/mL) was added with differentiation media. Media replenishment with RANKL and M-CSF, with or without Cdt and LGM2605, occurred every 48 h. Immunostaining for TRAP, cathepsin K (CTSK), and nuclei was performed, followed by multi-fluor confocal imaging as detailed in the . ( A ) Maximum intensity projection images depict control (only RANKL- and M-CSF-induced differentiation), Cdt treatment (50 ng/mL), and Cdt (50 ng/mL) + LGM2605 (100 μM) treatment for TRAP ( left ) and CTSK ( right ) in green, with nuclei in blue. ( B ) Quantification of TRAP ( left ) and CTSK ( right ) fluorescence intensity presented as a percentage relative to the control. Results are expressed as mean ± STDEV (five fields per condition) and compared using one-way ANOVA. Statistical significance indicated by *, p -value < 0.05; **, p -value < 0.01; ***, p -value < 0.005; and ****, p -value < 0.001 vs. other conditions. ( C ) Percentage of two nuclei per cell ( left ) and three or more nuclei per cell ( right ) in each condition. The number of nuclei per cell was counted from confocal images and calculated as a percentage of whole population per condition. Graphs displaying cells with two nuclei per cell and three or more nuclei per cell were generated to represent maturation. Mean ± STDEV (five fields per condition) and statistical comparisons using one-way ANOVA. **, p -value < 0.01 vs. other conditions.
Article Snippet: Cathepsin K, CTSK (Rabbit) , Proteintech (11239-1-AP) , 1:500 (Western Blot) 1:100 (Immunocytochemistry).
Techniques: Concentration Assay, Immunostaining, Imaging, Control, Fluorescence, Generated